""I would make a point, there seems to be a sense that expansions die of old age. ...I don't think the evidence supports that," Bernanke said in testimony to Congress' Joint Economic Committee."

" Bernanke also explained that last week's change in the Federal Reserve's policy statement, which hinted of future rate moves, was done to achieve more leeway. "We are looking for a bit more flexibility," he explained."

""The risks had increased on both sides," Bernanke said, referring to both the increased threat of higher inflation on the one hand and weaker-than-expected economic growth, on the other."

"Last week the Fed again held a key interest rate steady at 5.25 percent, which hasn't budged since August. But the Fed also said there was a possibility that rates could go down or up. Previous policy statements had spoken only of the possibility of rate increases. Wall Street rallied last week on the new language, interpreting it as suggesting the possibility of a rate cut."

"The direction of rates, the Fed said at the time, hinges on what incoming barometers say about the economy and inflation. Bernanke repeated that point on Wednesday."

""I do want to emphasize we have not shifted away from an inflation bias," Bernanke said."

"Investors have been skittish since a worldwide stock market meltdown on Feb. 27, when the Dow Jones industrials suffered a 416-point plunge."

"Fears about risky mortgages and the possibility of a U.S. recession this year, raised by Greenspan, were factors in the February market swoon."

"On another topic, Bernanke said the growing troubles in the market for risky mortgages thus far doesn't appear to be spreading to the overall economy. "At this juncture ... the impact on the broader economy and financial markets of the problems in the subprime markets seems likely to be contained," he said."

"It marked Bernanke's most extensive discussion yet of the mounting problems in the risky mortgage market. Those troubles raise "some additional questions about the housing sector," which has been mired in a deep slump for more than a year, Bernanke said."

"Fallout in the risky mortgage market is clobbering some lenders and homeowners and has stoked concerns on Wall Street, Capitol Hill and elsewhere."

"So-called "subprime" lenders who make home loans to people with blemished credit histories or low incomes have been battered. Weak home prices and rising interest rates have made it increasingly difficult for borrowers to keep up with their payments. Delinquencies and foreclosures in the subprime mortgage market are soaring."

""Although the turmoil in the subprime mortgage market has created financial problems for many individuals and families,
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