| "NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A study conducted in South Africa suggests there is an association between passive smoking and increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children living in a home with a tuberculosis patient." ""Tuberculosis and smoking are both significant public health problems," Dr. Saskia den Boon, of KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands, and colleagues write in the April issue of Pediatrics. The possible association between passive smoking and TB infection in children "is a cause of great concern, considering the high prevalence of smoking and tuberculosis in most developing countries." " "The team conducted a community survey that included 15 percent of the addresses in two adjacent low- to middle-income suburbs in Cape Town. All children younger than 15 years of age and their adult household members living at the addresses were included in the study. " "All of the children received a tuberculin skin test, with M. tuberculosis infection defined as a reaction of at least 10 mm. The team defined passive smoking as living in a home with at least one adult who smoked for at least 1 year. " "A total of 1344 children were included in the analysis. Of these, 432 (32 percent) had a positive tuberculin skin test and 1170 (87 percent) were classified as passive smokers." "The rate of positive tuberculin skin tests was 34 percent in children with a smoker in the home compared with 21 percent in those who were not passive smokers. The difference was not statistically significant." "However, there was a significant association between passive smoking and a positive tuberculin skin test in the 172 households that had with a patient with tuberculosis. Children
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